Double Pledging

The fraudulent assignment or pledging of the same asset as collateral to two or more separate lenders simultaneously. Most common in commodity finance, accounts receivable, and automotive lending; requires real-time IVA/deduplication to prevent.

ICA (Independent Collateral Agent)

A single agent holding and managing collateral identifiers across all facilities with the same originator, providing cross-lender visibility without requiring direct data sharing between funders. An emerging structural response to double-pledging risk.

Tape-to-Cash Reconciliation

Operational control matching loan data tape to actual cash collections; identifies synthetic/phantom loans and data manipulation. Should be run at high frequency (daily/weekly) for ABF portfolios.